Pune (pronounced /ˈpuːneɪ/, Marathi:
पुणे,
formerly known as Poona, is the eighth largest city in India, and the second
largest in the state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai. Situated
560 metres above sea level on the Deccan
plateau at the confluence of the Mula (Marathi:
मुळा) and Mutha
rivers(Marathi: मुठा) [1], Pune is the administrative capital of Pune
district and the 7th Metro city of India.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a boy, and later oversaw significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In 1730, Pune became an important political centre as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
The name punna (also
transcribed Poona) derives from Punya Nagari (Sanskrit,
"City of Virtue"). The oldest reference to this name is on a Rashtrakuta
copper plate dated to [937]Current Era in which the town is referred to as Punya-Vishaya
or Punak Vishaya[3]. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe
Pune or Punavadi. Although the city's name is sometimes transcribed
as Poona in English, a practice particularly common during the British Raj,
the spelling "Pune" has now[clarification needed] become
standard.[citation needed]
Pune is also known as The Oxford of the East, due to the various educational institutions, and also sometimes referred to as The Detroit of India owing to the many manufacturing companies, particularly automobile giants, having their base within the city's metropolitan area.
The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between
the Marathas and the British in 1817. The Peshwas were
defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then transcribed Kirkee)
on 5 November 1817 near Pune, and the city was seized.[5]
It was placed under the administration of the Bombay
Presidency, and the British built a large military cantonment
to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army).
The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Pune was at one
time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency.
Nanasaheb Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Bajirao II, rose against British East India Company rule in 1856, as part of the Indian Mutiny. He was helped by Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Tatya Tope. After the mutiny failed, the final remnants of the Maratha empire were annexed to British India.
Pune was an important centre for the social and religious reform movements of the late 19th century. Many prominent social reformers lived here, including Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Jyotirao Phule.
Pune has a tropical wet and dry
climate with average temperatures ranging between 20°C to 28°C.
Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (85 to 100 °F). The warmest month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was 43.3°C on April 30, 1897[7].
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C (50°F to 82°F). Most of the 722 mm of rainfall in the city fall between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Pune once received rainfall on 29 consecutive days[citation needed].
Winter begins in November; November in particular is known as the Rosy Cold (Marathi: गुलाबी थंडी). The daytime temperature hovers around 28 °C (83 °F) while night temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 or 6 °C (42 °F). The lowest temperature ever located was 1.7 °C on January 17, 1935[8].
Pune is served by two highways:
Public buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML). A Pune Bus Rapid Transit system has been proposed, in which dedicated bus lanes would allow buses to travel quickly through the city. Buses to towns within Pune district surrounding Pune, as well as cities throughout Maharashtra are run by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation. Private bus companies also run buses to major cities throughout India, especially Mumbai. Initially, about 10 years ago, the public transport was a little too bad. Recently, a new fleet of buses have started plying and doing good business; morover, routes have been extended/added to cope up with the burdening population of the metro. Lately (since August 2008), CNG (Compressed natural gas) buses have started operating and saving fuel cost for the government.
Pune is well-connected to other cities by Indian highways and state highways. National Highway 4 (NH 4) connects it to Mumbai and Bangalore, NH 9 to Solapur and Hyderabad, and NH 50 to Nashik. State highways connect it to Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, and Alandi.
Since 2002, Pune has been connected to Mumbai via the Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first six-lane high-speed expressway. Both pre-paid air-conditioned "cool" cabs and private bus companies ply this route, connecting Mumbai and Pune in three hours.Out of the total distance of 165 km from Mumbai to Pune, the Express Highway part is 96 km.A ring road is being planned to be constructed for the convenience of traffic.
Pune has witnessed an extraordinary growth in vehicular density and has consequently seen an alarmingly high increase in traffic offenses, accidents, and fatalities resulting from these.[9]
Pune International Airport is an
international airport at Lohegaon, operated by the Airports Authority of India. It shares
its runways with the neighboring Indian
Air Force base, the only one of its kind in the world. Apart from domestic
flights to all major Indian cities, this airport serves two international
direct flights: one to Dubai (operated by Air
India Express), and one to Frankfurt (operated by Lufthansa).
New airport at Chakkan is opening shortly The Maharashtra Industrial
Development Corporation is responsible for the design and construction of a
new Pune International Airport. The area between Chakkan and Rajgurunagar, around
the villages of Chandus and Shiroli, is currently being considered as a
construction site. If constructed here, it will be 40 km from central Pune
along the Pune-Nashik National highway (NH-50)and will be the largest one in
Asia.
Hinduism is the
most commonly practised religion in Pune, although many mosques, gurudwaras,
Jain temples and other religious buildings are found throughout the city[citation needed]. The most
prominent Hindu temple in Pune is the Parvati
temple, located on Parvati hill and visible from most of the inner suburbs.
The most famous is likely the Chaturshringi Temple, located on the slopes of
a hill in the northwest of the city. During Navratri (which
usually falls in the month of September), there is a large procession to this
temple and worshippers gather from around the country to pray here.The
presiding god of Pune city is the Kasba
Ganapati, whose temple is found in Kasba Peth
in central Pune.
Since 1894, Pune has celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi as a ten-day long festival, in which most neighborhoods put up a pandal (tent) with an idol of Ganesha, often amidst a religious setting, complete with decorative lights and festive music. This festival culminates with a parade of Ganesh idols from across the city carried to the local rivers to be immersed (Ganesh visarjan). The Kasba Ganapati, as the presiding deity of the city, is the first in this parade. The idea of a public celebration was initiated by Lokmanya Tilak in Pune, and has since spread to many other cities, particularly Mumbai, which has a massive parade every year.
Significant religious leaders Sant Dnyaneshwar (born in Alandi in the 13th century) and poet Sant Tukaram (born in Dehu in the 17th century) were born near Pune. Their link to the city is commemorated with an annual pilgrimage to Pandharpur, 300 kilometers away, consisting of a palkhi of both figures being carried to the main temple of the Hindu god Vithoba. The pilgrimage is timed to end on the auspicious day of Aashadhi Ekadasshi.
Pune was once home to a group of the Bene Israel, a Jewish community in western India. Although many of them migrated to Israel after Indian independence, it remains home to Asia's largest synagogue, the Ohel David Synagogue (known locally as the Lal Deval, or Red Temple).
The Shrutisagar Ashram, located at Phulgaon village off Ahmednagar road, houses the Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Lord Dakshinamurthy, located near the confluence of the Bhima, Bhama and Indrayani rivers. It was established in 1989 by Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed explanations of śruti and smrti (including the Vedas, Bhagwat Gita, Upanishads and Puranas) in Marathi and English.
Pune has been associated with several significant spiritual teachers. Osho (known earlier as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) lived and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest spiritual centers, is located in the Koregaon Park area. It has visitors from over a hundred countries[32]. Pune is also the birthplace of spiritual guru Meher Baba, although pilgrims usually travel to Meherabad. Hazrat Babajan, according to Meher Baba one of the five Perfect Masters of her time, lived the final 25 years of her life in Pune. She established her final residence first under a neem tree near Bukhari Shah's mosque in Rasta Peth and later another neem tree in the then-dilapidated section of Pune called Char Bawdi where she remained the rest of her life. Her Samadhi tomb shrine is located in pune [33].
The ISKCON movement also has a presence in the city, with the Sri Radha Kunjbihari Mandir.
B. K. S. Iyengar, an internationally known yoga master, established the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute in Pune in 1975, in order to train students in the Iyengar Yoga System.
The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones:
The city of Pune is managed by
the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The
Corporation consists of 149 directly
elected councilors[11], who are led by the Mayor of Pune, a titular position
mainly acting as an ambassador and representative of the city. Actual executive
power is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service who is
appointed by the Maharashtra state government.
Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the Pune metropolitan area:
The Pune Police is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Pune Police report to the state ministry.
Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of the metropolitan Pune. Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 took place in the Katraj region near Pune on May 17 2008, a low intensity earthquake observed on night of 30 July 2008,the intensity of the earth quake was meaured at 4.2 as per news resources around 12:41 am[citation needed]. The epicenter for the Earth Quake was in Koyna Dam field 2004[6].
Marathi
newspapers such as Sakal,
Loksatta, Lokmat, Kesari, Maharashtra
Times and Pudhari
are popular. English dailies such as The Times of India, Indian
Express,Pune
Mirror, MidDay,
Daily News & Analysis (DNA) and Sakaal
Times (formerly the Maharashtra Herald) have editions based in Pune,
with additional local supplements.
Star Maajha, Zee Marathi, Doordarshan Sahyadri and ETV Marathi, Me Marathi, are popular television channels. Many English and Hindi entertainment and news channels are watched as well. Pune has FM Radio services as well running for last few years. Though Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) tops the popularity rating (it being the first of Private FM channels being introduced in the city), AIR FM (101.MHz),Radio City(91.10), Radio One (94.30),S FM (93.5) and Vidyavaani (University of Pune's own FM Channel) have their presence felt.
There are plans to make Pune India’s first wireless city. Intel Corporation, Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Microsense joined hands to commercially roll out the first phase of a 802.16d Wi-Fi and WiMax network in the city. The first phase of the Unwire Pune project deployment would provide wireless connectivity in a 25 km² expanse of the city. After the completion of the first phase, in around four months, Pune Municipal Corp is planning to make services commercially available to citizens offering a speed of 256 kbit/s. [36]
Pune (pronounced /ˈpuːneɪ/, Marathi:
पुणे,
formerly known as Poona, is the eighth largest city in India, and the second
largest in the state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai. Situated
560 metres above sea level on the Deccan
plateau at the confluence of the Mula (Marathi:
मुळा) and Mutha
rivers(Marathi: मुठा) [1], Pune is the administrative capital of Pune
district and the 7th Metro city of India.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a boy, and later oversaw significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In 1730, Pune became an important political centre as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities, having more than a hundred educational institutes and nine universities[2]. It also boasts a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a boy, and later oversaw significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In 1730, Pune became an important political centre as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its
educational facilities, having more than a hundred educational institutes and
nine universities[2]. It also boasts a growing industrial hinterland, with
many information technology and automotive
companies setting up factories in Pune district.
Pune is also known as The Oxford of the East, due to the various educational institutions, and also sometimes referred to as The Detroit of India owing to the many manufacturing companies, particularly automobile giants, having their base within the city's metropolitan area.
Nanasaheb Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Bajirao II, rose against British East India Company rule in 1856, as part of the Indian Mutiny. He was helped by Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Tatya Tope. After the mutiny failed, the final remnants of the Maratha empire were annexed to British India.
Pune was an important centre for the social and religious reform movements of the late 19th century. Many prominent social reformers lived here, including Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Jyotirao Phule.
Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (85 to 100 °F). The warmest month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was 43.3°C on April 30, 1897[7].
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C (50°F to 82°F). Most of the 722 mm of rainfall in the city fall between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Pune once received rainfall on 29 consecutive days[citation needed].
Winter begins in November; November in particular is known as the Rosy Cold (Marathi: गुलाबी थंडी). The daytime temperature hovers around 28 °C (83 °F) while night temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 or 6 °C (42 °F). The lowest temperature ever located was 1.7 °C on January 17, 1935[8].
- Old Pune-Mumbai Highway: This is a
major arterial road serving the Pune metropolitan area. The highway begins
at the centre of the city i.e. Shivaji Nagar and stretches up to Dehu Road.
Most sections of the highway feature 8 lanes (4 in each direction). It
features a series of flyovers and underpasses making certain sections
traffic signal-free.
- Western
Bypass: This road is a part of the National Highway 4 and forms a metropolitan
bypass of the city, skirting through its western border. It is also known
as Katraj-Dehu Road Bypass Highway. It stretches from Dehu Road
in the north to Katraj in the south. This highway features 4 lanes (2 in
each direction) and a series of flyovers/grade-separators. All the
westbound roads of Pune intersect this highway.
Public buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML). A Pune Bus Rapid Transit system has been proposed, in which dedicated bus lanes would allow buses to travel quickly through the city. Buses to towns within Pune district surrounding Pune, as well as cities throughout Maharashtra are run by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation. Private bus companies also run buses to major cities throughout India, especially Mumbai. Initially, about 10 years ago, the public transport was a little too bad. Recently, a new fleet of buses have started plying and doing good business; morover, routes have been extended/added to cope up with the burdening population of the metro. Lately (since August 2008), CNG (Compressed natural gas) buses have started operating and saving fuel cost for the government.
Pune is well-connected to other cities by Indian highways and state highways. National Highway 4 (NH 4) connects it to Mumbai and Bangalore, NH 9 to Solapur and Hyderabad, and NH 50 to Nashik. State highways connect it to Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, and Alandi.
Since 2002, Pune has been connected to Mumbai via the Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first six-lane high-speed expressway. Both pre-paid air-conditioned "cool" cabs and private bus companies ply this route, connecting Mumbai and Pune in three hours.Out of the total distance of 165 km from Mumbai to Pune, the Express Highway part is 96 km.A ring road is being planned to be constructed for the convenience of traffic.
Pune has witnessed an extraordinary growth in vehicular density and has consequently seen an alarmingly high increase in traffic offenses, accidents, and fatalities resulting from these.[9]
Since 1894, Pune has celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi as a ten-day long festival, in which most neighborhoods put up a pandal (tent) with an idol of Ganesha, often amidst a religious setting, complete with decorative lights and festive music. This festival culminates with a parade of Ganesh idols from across the city carried to the local rivers to be immersed (Ganesh visarjan). The Kasba Ganapati, as the presiding deity of the city, is the first in this parade. The idea of a public celebration was initiated by Lokmanya Tilak in Pune, and has since spread to many other cities, particularly Mumbai, which has a massive parade every year.
Significant religious leaders Sant Dnyaneshwar (born in Alandi in the 13th century) and poet Sant Tukaram (born in Dehu in the 17th century) were born near Pune. Their link to the city is commemorated with an annual pilgrimage to Pandharpur, 300 kilometers away, consisting of a palkhi of both figures being carried to the main temple of the Hindu god Vithoba. The pilgrimage is timed to end on the auspicious day of Aashadhi Ekadasshi.
Pune was once home to a group of the Bene Israel, a Jewish community in western India. Although many of them migrated to Israel after Indian independence, it remains home to Asia's largest synagogue, the Ohel David Synagogue (known locally as the Lal Deval, or Red Temple).
The Shrutisagar Ashram, located at Phulgaon village off Ahmednagar road, houses the Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Lord Dakshinamurthy, located near the confluence of the Bhima, Bhama and Indrayani rivers. It was established in 1989 by Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed explanations of śruti and smrti (including the Vedas, Bhagwat Gita, Upanishads and Puranas) in Marathi and English.
Pune has been associated with several significant spiritual teachers. Osho (known earlier as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) lived and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest spiritual centers, is located in the Koregaon Park area. It has visitors from over a hundred countries[32]. Pune is also the birthplace of spiritual guru Meher Baba, although pilgrims usually travel to Meherabad. Hazrat Babajan, according to Meher Baba one of the five Perfect Masters of her time, lived the final 25 years of her life in Pune. She established her final residence first under a neem tree near Bukhari Shah's mosque in Rasta Peth and later another neem tree in the then-dilapidated section of Pune called Char Bawdi where she remained the rest of her life. Her Samadhi tomb shrine is located in pune [33].
The ISKCON movement also has a presence in the city, with the Sri Radha Kunjbihari Mandir.
B. K. S. Iyengar, an internationally known yoga master, established the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute in Pune in 1975, in order to train students in the Iyengar Yoga System.
The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones:
- Central
Pune: consisting of roughly seventeen peths, or neighborhoods. These
were established and developed during the Maratha and Peshwa rule, and are
referred to as the old city.
- Inner Pune: consisting of Deccan Gymkhana,
Erandwane and Shivajinagar in the west, Camp, Dhole-Patil Road, and
Koregaon Park in the east, and Swargate,
Parvati, Sahakarnagar, Mukundnagar, Maharshinagar, Gultekdi, and Salisbury
Park in the South. On the north, the inner city is bounded by the Mula-Mutha
river.
- Outer Pune: including the newer developed
areas of Khadki, Aundh and Ganeshkhind in the northwest, Kothrud and Paud
Road in the west, Dattawadi, Sahakarnagar and Dhankawadi in the southwest,
Bibvewadi, Lullanagar, and upper Kondhwa in the southeast, Yerwada (including
Kalyani Nagar and Shastri Nagar) in the northeast, Vishrantwadi in the
north, and Ghorpadi, Fatimanagar, Wanowrie and Hadapsar South in the east.
- Suburbs: including Baner and Pashan in the
northwest, Bavdhan and Warje in the west, Wadgaon, Dhayari and Ambegaon in the
southwest, Katraj, Lower Kondhwa, Undri and Mohammedwadi in the southeast,
Hadapsar North, Mundhwa, and Manjri in the east, Wadgaon Sheri and Kharadi
in the northeast, and Dhanori and Kalas in the north.
- Pimpri and its surroundings: Chikhli,
Kalewadi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi, and Pimple Saudagar.
- Chinchwad and its surroundings: Thergaon,
Tathawade, and Talawade.
- Sangvi and its surroundings: Dapodi, Wakad,
Hinjewadi, Pimple Nilakh, and Pimple Gurav.
- Bhosari and its surroundings: Moshi, Dighi,
Dudulgaon, and Charholi Budruk.
- Nigdi-Akurdi and its surroundings: Ravet,
Dehu Road, and Somatne.
Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the Pune metropolitan area:
- Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC)[12], responsible for Pimpri-Chinchwad and its surroundings,Pune is
International Airport.
- Khadki Cantonment Board (KCB)[13], responsible for Khadki,
- Pune Cantonment Board (PCB)[14], responsible for Pune
Cantonment, and
- Dehu Road Cantonment Board, responsible for
the Dehu
Road area.
The Pune Police is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. The Pune Police report to the state ministry.
Infosys office
building in Pune
As one of the largest cities in
India, and as a result of its many colleges and universities, Pune is emerging
as a prominent location for IT and manufacturing companies to expand to.
Pashan lake is a
man made lake
Pune is located 560m (1,837 ft)
above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan
plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri
mountain range (the Western Ghats), which separate it from the Arabian sea.
It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest hill, Vetal Hill, rising to 800m (2,625 ft) above sea
level. Just outside the city, the Sinhagad fort
is located at a height of 1300m.Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of the metropolitan Pune. Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 took place in the Katraj region near Pune on May 17 2008, a low intensity earthquake observed on night of 30 July 2008,the intensity of the earth quake was meaured at 4.2 as per news resources around 12:41 am[citation needed]. The epicenter for the Earth Quake was in Koyna Dam field 2004[6].
Star Maajha, Zee Marathi, Doordarshan Sahyadri and ETV Marathi, Me Marathi, are popular television channels. Many English and Hindi entertainment and news channels are watched as well. Pune has FM Radio services as well running for last few years. Though Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) tops the popularity rating (it being the first of Private FM channels being introduced in the city), AIR FM (101.MHz),Radio City(91.10), Radio One (94.30),S FM (93.5) and Vidyavaani (University of Pune's own FM Channel) have their presence felt.
There are plans to make Pune India’s first wireless city. Intel Corporation, Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Microsense joined hands to commercially roll out the first phase of a 802.16d Wi-Fi and WiMax network in the city. The first phase of the Unwire Pune project deployment would provide wireless connectivity in a 25 km² expanse of the city. After the completion of the first phase, in around four months, Pune Municipal Corp is planning to make services commercially available to citizens offering a speed of 256 kbit/s. [36]
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a boy, and later oversaw significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In 1730, Pune became an important political centre as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities, having more than a hundred educational institutes and nine universities[2]. It also boasts a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district.
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